Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

 

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

 

Clinical features

 

1.It is seen in middle aged persons.

2.Slow onset.

3.Gradual progress.

4.Progressive weakness.

5.Progressive anaemia.

6.Massive splenomegaly.

7.Abdominal pain or discomfort.

8.Itching of skin.

9.Fever.

10.Excessive sweating.

11.Bone pains.

12.Sternal tenderness.

13.Bleeding tendency.

Investigation

1.Haemogram

           .Hb:Low.

           .WBC count:>500000/cmm.

             .Peripheral smear:Immature,abnormal WBCs.

2.Bone marrow examination:Leukemia cells.

 

Treatment

1.Deep X-ray therapy to the enlarged spleen.

2.Busulpan IV,its dose depending on the degree of elevation of the WBC count.

3.Hydroxyurea IV if there is resistance to busulphan.

4.Blood transfusion for anaemia.

5.Splenectomy in selected cases.

 

Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia

Clinical features

1.It is seen in middle aged persons, rarely before the age of 40 years.

2.Sex:Mainly in males.

3.Sudden onset.

4.Gradual progress.

5.Chronic course over years.

6.Fever.

7.Loss of appetite.

8.Loss of weight.

9.Progressive weakness.

10.Progressive anaemia.

11.Painless lymph node enlargement.

12.Itching of skin.

13.Excessive sweating.

14.Bone pains.

15.Sternal tenderness.

16.Bleeding tendency.

17.Pleural effusion.

18.Pericardial effusion.

19.Splenomegaly only in advanced stages.

 

Investigations

1.Haemogram

             .Hb:Low.

             . WBC count:>500000/cmm.

              .Peripheral smeat: immature,abnormal WBCs.

2.Bone marrow examination:Leukemic cells.

 

Treatment

1.Chlorambucil IV.

2.Hydroxyurea IVif there is resistance to busulphan.

3.Blood transfusion for anaemia.

4.Antibiotics for infection.

5.Splenectomy in selected cases.

6.Gammaglobulin injections for deficiency.

7.Radiotherapy as required.