MYOCARDITIS

 

 

MYOCARDITIS

Inflammation of the myocardial wall.

ETIOLOGY :

·         Viruses

·         Bacteria

·         Fungi

·         Parasites

·         Radiation

·         Pharmacological factors : drug such as lithium , cocaine

·         Chemical factors

·         Toxic agents such as lead

·         Connective tissue disease .

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION :

§  Fever

§  Malaise

§  Fatigue

§  Dyspnea

§  Pharyngitis

§  Nausea and vomiting

§  Chest pain .

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION :

v  ECG

v  Laboratory test (examination )

v  Myocardial biopsy

v  Echocardiography

v  Gallium scan

v  Chest X-ray .

MANAGEMENT :

§  Digoxin to treat ventricular failure

§  Oxygen therapy

§  Provide bed rest

§  Restricted activity

§  Immune suppressive therapy such as prednisone,cyclosprin.

§  Medication such as –

Diuretics

Vein and orbital dilator

Intrope

Angiotensin inhibitor .

NURSING MANAGEMENT :

v  Decrease cardiac output is an ongoing nursing diagnosis in the care of the patient with myocarditis .

v  Assess for the sign and symptoms of congestive heart failure

v  Decrease cardiac work load

v  Prescribed medications that increase the heart contractility.

v  Careful monitoring and evaluation of patient taking these medications are necessary .

v  Nurse should assess the level of anxiety and help the patient to reduce anxiety .

v  Care include monitoring for the complications and providing .