MALARIA
It is a
protozal disease caused by infection with parasites of the genus plasmodium and
transmitted to man by certain species of infected female anopheles mosquitoes. Four main species of malarial
parasites are
·
Plasmodium
vivax
·
Plasmodium
falciparum
·
Plasmodium
malaria
·
Plasmodium
ovule
ETIOLOGY
All age groups can get infection .
male are more frequently exposed to risk of acquiring malaria than female .
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
1.
Vector
transmission
2.
Direct
transmission may be induced accidentally by hypodermic intramuscular and
intravenous infection of blood or plasma example blood transfusion
3.
Congenital
malaria to new born from infected mother may occur but is comparatively rare
INCUBATION
·
P.
vivax - > 8 to 17 days
·
P.
falciparum - > 9 to 14 days
·
P.
malaria - >18 to 40 days
·
P.
ovule - > 16 to 18 days
CLINICAL FEATURES
1.
Cold
stage
·
Headache
·
Shivering
·
Cold
skin
·
Fever
rising rapidly
·
Nausea
, vomiting
·
Pulse
is rapid and may be weak
2.
Hot
stage
·
Skin
is dry and hot to touch
·
Rapid
respiration
3.
Sweating
stage
·
Profuse
sweating
·
Temperature
normal
·
Skin
cool
·
Pulse
rate may remain down
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
Blood
examination
MANAGEMENT
1.
Tetracycline
2.
Mefloquine
250 mg
3.
Quinidine
sulfate 650 mg
4.
Chloroquine
gluconate 10 mg/ kg
5.
Tinidazole
NURSING MANAGEMENT
1.
Patient
should be advice for complete bed rest
2.
Advice
for enough blankets, hot water bag and hot drinks should be provided
3.
Patient
in hot stage if necessary give cold compress and use of ice bags to reduce
fever
4.
Patient
in sweating stage wipe his body , change his cloths and bed linen to make
patient dry
5.
Record
the time of onset and duration of every stage
6.
Follow
the prevention and control measures
MOSQUITO CONTROL MEASURE
·
Insecticide
spraying
·
Use
of mosquito net
·
Wear
full clothing
·
Storage
of water should be changed frequently
·
Health
education regarding protection from
malaria should be provided by health care people
0 Comments