reproductive system

 

                     

                         REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

v  Living organisms having the properties to distinguish the differences between living & non living organisms by the ability of reproduction.

v  Both males & females produce specialized reproductive Germ cells called ‘GRANTS’.

v  The male gametes are called ‘spermatozoa’.

v  The female gametes are called “Ova”.

v  It contains Genetic material or ‘Genes ‘on Chromosomes.

v  Gametes are formed by “Meiosis”.

v  When the ovum is fertilized by a spermatozoon the resultant “Zygote”. It contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.

v  One of each pair from the father & one from the mother.

v  The zygote embeds itself in the wall of the ultras it grows & develop during the 40 week “gestation period before birth”. 

THE FUNCTIONS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM  ARE:

v  Formation of female gametes ova.

v  Reception of make gametes, spermatozoa.

v  Provision of suitable enuts for fertilization of the ovum by spermatozoa & development of the resultant fetus.

v  Parturition.

v  Lactation

v  Production of break milk.

THE FUNCTIONS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:

v  Production of male gametes Spermatozoa.

Transmission of Spermatozoa to the female.

The female reproductive organs are divided into 2 - 1. External organs.

                                                                                   2. Internal Organs.

I. EXTERNAL ORGANS:                                        II. INTERNAL ORGANS

 1. Labia majora                                                              1. Vagina

 2. Labia minora                                                              2. Uterus

 3. Clitoris                                                                       3. Ovaries

 4. Hymen

 5. Vestibularglams.

LABIA MAJORA:

v  There are the 2 large folds which form the boundary of the uvula.

v  It composed of skin fibrous tissue and fat contain large no sebaceous glands.

v  At puberty vair grows on the mous pabio & on the latiral surfaces of the labia majora.

LABIA MINORA:

v  These are the two smaller folds of skin between the labia majora.

v  It contains numerous sebaceous gleads

v  The cleft between the labia minora is the vestibule.

CLITORIS:

We called it has female penis.

v  It contains sensory nerve ending & erectile tissue.

HYMEN:

v  The hymen is a thin layer of mucous membrane which partially occludes the opening of the vagina.

v  It is normally incomplete to allow for passage of menstrual flow.

VERTIBULAR GLANDS:

v  The vestibular glands (Bartholdi’s glands are situated one on each side near the vaginal opening.

v  It is size of the small pea & have duet.

v  They secrets much that beep the value mordant.

BLOOD SUPPLY:

   ARTERIAL SUPPLY: Pudendal  arteries & formula arteries

 VENOUS DRAINAGE: Internal iliac veins

NERUA SUPPLY:  Pudendal Nerve supply. 

TESTES:-

1.      INTRODUCTION: the testes are the reproduction gland of the male reproductive gland.

2.      SITUATION:- it lies in the scrotum.

3.      SHARE:- oval shape

4.      MEASUREMENTS:

LENGTH                -                 4.5 cm

WIDE                      -                 2.5 cm

THICKNESS          -                     3 cm

5.      LAYERS OF TISSUE

1.      The Tunica vaginalis

2.       Tunica albuginea.

3.      Tunica Vasculosa

1.      Tunica Vaginalis:-

    it is a outer covering of the Testis

    It is double membrane forming structure.

2.      Tunica albuginea:-  this is a fibrous covering beneath the tunica vaginalis that surrounds the testis

It divides the glandular structure of the testis into lobules.

3.      Tunica Vasculosa:-   this consists of a network of capillaries supported by delicate connective tissue.

6.      STRUCTURE OF THE TESTES:-

1.      Testes are 200 to 300 lobules  and within  each lobule 1-4 convoluted loops composed of germinal epithelial cells, called seminferons tubules.

Between the tubles there are groups of interstitial cells (of leydig)

It secrete testosterone hormone after puberty

Length of the tubule is 6 cm in full length & it is repeatealy

folded & tightly packed  into a mass called “the Epididymis

Blood & lymph vessels pass to the Testis in the operatic cords.

FUNCTIONS:

Production of  spermatozoa (Sperm)

Production of FSH

It helps for Spermatogenesis.

STRUCTURE OF THE SPERM.

PUBERTY IN THE MALE.

It occurs b/w the ages of 10 & 14.

L H from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland stimulate the interstial cells of the testis to increase the production of testosterone.

This Harmone influences the development of the body to sexual maturity.

THE CHANGES IN PUBERTY.

Increases the growth of muscle, bone & Height & Weight.

enlargement of the larynx and deeping of the voice it breaks.

Enlargement  of the penis,scrotum & prostate gland.

Growth hair on the face axillae, chest,abdomen and pubis.

The skin  thickens  & Become more oilier