PHARYNGITIS
Definition:
It is the inflammation of the pharynx
including palate, tonsils and posterior wall of the pharynx.
Etiology:
·
Most
commonly caused by acute infection.
·
Usually
transmitted through respiratory secretions.
·
Streptococcal
pharyngitis and rhinoviruses are frequent causes.
·
Cause
mostly viral or bacterial in origin.
Types:
1) Acute pharyngitis.
2) Chronic pharyngitis.
ACUTE PHARYNGITIS.
It is a febrile
inflammation of the throat. Group A streptococcus is the most common bacterial
organism associated with acute pharyngitis.
Signs
and Symptoms:
S/s of Acute Pharyngitis includes
·
A
red pharyngeal membrane and tonsils.
·
Swollen
palpable and tender cervical lymph nodes in most cases.
·
Throat
pain is aggravated by swallowing.
·
Pharynx
appear reddened with edema of uvula, pharynx and tonsils may be covered with exudates.
·
Fever,
malaise and sore throat.
·
Dysphasia.
·
Hoarsenss,cough,
rhinitis etc.
Diagnostic
Evaluation:
·
History
collection
·
Physical
examination
·
Throat
culture
·
Nasal
swabbing
·
Blood
examination
Management:
Medical
Management.
·
If
it is caused by bacteria administer anti-microbial agents.
·
For
streptococcal pharyngitis penicillin is the medication choice.
·
Erythromycin
for patient who is allergic to penicillin.
·
Antibiotic
are administered for at least 10 days to eradicate group A streptococci.
·
A
liquid or soft diet is provided.
·
Patient
is encouraged to drink as much as fluid as possible with 2-3 liter/days.
Nursing
Management.
·
Instruct
the patient to take rest.
·
Tissues
should be disposed properly to prevent the spread of infection.
·
Advise
Luke warm saline gargles.
·
Analgesics
medication.
·
Provide
mouth care in order to prevent bacterial infection of the mouth.
CHRONIC PHARYNGITIS
It is an chronic inflammation of
the pharynx.
Etiology.
Ch. Pharyngitis is most common in
people who-
·
Habitually
use tobacco and alcohol.
·
Have
a chronic cough.
·
Are
employed or live in dusty environment.
·
Use
their voice excessively.
Types.
There are three types :-
1)
Hypertrophic : Characterized by
general thickening and congestion of the pharyngeal mucous membrane.
2)
Atrophic : Probably a late stage
of first type, the membranes in thin, whitish, glistening and at times
wrinkled.
3)
Chronic Granular
:
With numerous swollen lymph follicles on the pharyngeal wall.
Clinical
Manifestation :
·
A
constant sense of irritation or fullness in the throat.
·
Dysphasia.
Diagnostic
Evaluation:
·
Physical
examination
·
History
collection
·
Throat culture
·
Nasal swabbing
·
Blood
examination
Management:
Medical
Management.
·
The
treatment is based on relieving symptoms.
·
Avoiding
exposure to irritants.
·
Nasal
congestion is relieved by nasal spray or medication containing ephedrine
sulphate.
·
Antihistamine,
Decongestants is taken orally every 4-6 hrs.
·
Contact
with others should be avoided at least
until the fever has subsided completely.
Patient
Education by Nurse :
·
To
prevent the infection from spreading the patient is instructed to avoid contact
with others until the fever has subsided.
·
Avoid
the use of alcohol, tobacco, second hand smoke etc.
·
Avoid
from exposure to cold.
·
The
patient is encouraged to drink plenty of fluids.
·
Advise
the gargling with warm saline solution.
Home
Care Management Pharyngitis:
·
Adequate
rest is to be taken.
·
Do
Luke warm water gargles.
·
Frequent
mouth care is to be taken to prevent infection.
·
Avoid
use of tobacco & alcohol.
·
Avoid
exposure to the irritants.
·
Environmental
pollutants should be avoided.
·
Drink
plenty of fluids.
·
Continue
medication as per prescriptions.
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