CAVITIES OF THE BODY.-

CAVITIES OF THE BODY.

Cavities of the body classified into

1.cranial cavity

2.thoracic cavity

3.abdominal cavity

4.pelvic cavity.

CRANIAL CAVITY.

The cranial cavity contains the brain,and its boundaries are formed by the bones of the skull.

Anteriorly:frontal bone.

Laterally:2 Temporal bones.

Posteriorly:1 occipital bone.

Superiorly:2 parietal bones.

Inferiorly:1 sphenoid and 1 ethmoid bone and parts of the frontal,temporal and occipital bone.

THORACIC CAVITY:

This cavity is situated in the upper part of the trunk.

Its boundaries are formed by a bony frame work and supporting muscles.

Antgeriorly: the sternum and costal cartilages of the ribs.

Laterally:12 pairs of ribs and the intercostals muscles.

Posteriorly: the thoracic vertebrae.

Superiorly:the structures forming from thr root of the neck.

Inferiorly:the diaphragm, a dome shaped muscle.

Thoracic cavity contains

1.the trachea,2 bronchi, 2 lungs.

2.the heart,aorta,superior vene cava, numerous other blood vessels.

3.the oesophagus.

4.lymph vessels and lymph nodes.

5. nerves

6. the mediastenium is the name given to the space between the lungs including the structures found there ,such as the heart,oesophagus and blood vessels.

ABDOMINAL CAVITY:

This is the largest cavity in the body and is in oval shape.

It is situated in the main part of the trunk and its boundaries.

Superiorly: the diaphragm, which separates it from the thoracic cavity.

Anteriorly:the muscles forming the anterior abdominal wall.

Posteriorly :the lumbar vertebrae and muscles forming the posterior abdominal wall.

Laterally:the lower ribs and parts of the muscles of the abdominal wall.

Inferiorly : it is continous with the pelvic cavity.

The abdominal  cavity is divided  into the nine regions.

This facilitates the description of the portions of the organs and structures.

Other structures include

1.the spleen

2. 2kidneys and the upper part of the ureters

3.2Adrenal glands.

4.Blood vessels, lymph vessels, nervescavities of the body

5.lymph nodes.

PELVIC CAVITY.

The pelvic cavity is roughly funnel shaped and extends from the lower end of the abdominal cavity.

The boundaries are

Superiorly : it is contains with the abdominal cavity.

Anteriorly :the pubic bones.

Posteriorly :the Sacrum and coccyx.

Laterally :the innominate bones.

Inferiorly : the muscles of the pelvic floor.

Pelvic cavity contains,

The pelvic cavity contains the following structures.

1.sigmoid colon ,rectum and anus.

2.some loops of the small intestine.

3.urinary bladder ,lower parts of the ureters and the urethra .

In female: reproductive organs.

The uterus,uterine tubes,ovaries and vagina.

Male reproductive organs:

Prostate gland,seminal vesicles,spermatic cords, deferent ducts (vas deferens), ejaculatory ducts and the urethra.

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