CELL

CELL 


1.INTRODUCTION:-

            Cell it is structural & functional unit of the Body.

2.PARTS OF THE CELL:-

1.      Cell membrane.               2.  Nucleous.

3.    Mitochondria.                   4.  Cytoplasm

5.    Golgi Apparatus.              6.  Endoplasmic Reticulumn.

 7.   Ribosomes                        8. Lysozome.

1.      CYTOPLASM: it is a jelly fluid filled inside the cell structure .

It contains of various structures called Organelles.

1.      Mitochondria:-  it is a small granular structure containing enzyms C  extract energy from nutrients & O₂ in the form of ATP (Adenosin triphosphate )

It helps for  cellular activity.

Mitochondria also called it has ‘Power House of the Cell”

2.      Endoplasmic Reticulum:-

It is a complicated network of tubules and vesicles connected with  the nucleous & the cell membrane

3.      Ribosomes:-

Granules which contain RNA , it responsible for protein synthesis in the cell.

4.      Lysosomes:-

Its contain enzymes that digest & remove particles which  are useless, (or) may be harmfull to the cell. Lysosome also called it has “Suicidal Bags”

 4.Endoplasmic Reticulum:- it is a complicated network of tubules & vesicles connected with  the nucleous & the cell membrane.

It transfer substances from one part of the cell to another & surface are ribosomes.

5.      Goligibody:-

This consists of a series of time vesicles & is especially prominent in secretory cell.

       6.  Centrosome:- it lies close to the nucleous & its mode of 2 centrioles.

It plays a major role in initiating cell divison.

7.Cell membrane:-

It’s a outer part of the body.

It helps to pass the substance into the cell which are necessary.

It prevents the harmfull substances entry into the cell.

Nucleous:-

            It is a major  part of the cell.

 it consist of more compact mass of protoplasm separted from the Cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane.

·         Nuclear  membrane allows substances to escape from the nucleous into the cytoplasm (or) substances to pass into it.

·         Nucleous controls the all activities in the cell its contain special type of portion called nucleoprotein.

·         It controls both chemical reactions occur in the cell & reproduction cell.

·         Chromatin :-it’s a state of non dividing nucleous & appear as a marks of darkly staining material called chromatin.

·         Human cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes I,e, 46 chromosomes.

Each chromosome consists a chain of smaller units rather like a  string of beds

These small units are called Genes.

·         Each Gene has a Very specific location on a particular chromosome.

FUNCTIONS OF CELL:

·         Irritability: cells has the ability to detect & respond to changes in its environment.

·         Nutrition:- it helps to provide energy & heat growth & response helps for absorption of fluids & dissolved  substances directly through the cell membrane.

·         Respiration: it has the ability to use oxygen combined with  food substance to form co₂ & H₂O  while releasing energy for intracellular activity.

·         Excretion:- it helps for discharge unused & waste materials  through the cell membrane

·         Growth & Reproduction:- its helps for cell growth ie size & Reproduces by dividing into 2 cells.

·         It helps for movement.

·         It produce the enzymes.