UTERUS

UTERUS .

1.      INTRODUCTION:

It is a hollow muscular organ.

2.      SITUATION: - it lies in the pelvic cavity between the urinary bladder &  the rectum.

3.      SHAPE:- pear shape or Butterfly shape.

4.      MEASURMENTS:-   Length-7.5 cm long

                                     Width- 5 cm

                               Thickness -2.3 cm

                                   Weight -30- 40 grams

5.      PARTS:

3 parts 1. Funds

            2. Body

            3. Cervix

           THE FUNDUS: - this is the dome –shaped part of the uterus above the opening of the

                                        Uterine tubes.

            THE BODY: - this is the main part. It is narrowest inferiorly at the internal OS where it is

                            Continuous with cervix.  

            THE CERVIX: - this properties through the anterior wall of the vagina  opening into it at the external OS.

6.STRUCTURE OF THE UTERUS:

   The walls of the uterus are composed of three layers of issues

1.      PERIMETRIUM.

2.      MYOMETRIUM

3.      ENDOMETRIUM.

PERIMETRIUM:-

Ø  This is peritoneum which is distributed on the various surfaces of the uterus.

Ø  Anteriorly it extends over the fundus &  the body.

Ø  Posteviorly the petritoneum extends over the fundus.

MYOMETRIUM:-

Ø  This is the thickest layer of tissue in the uterine wall.

Ø  It is a mass  of smooth muscle fiber interlaced with areolar tissue, blood vessels  & nerves.

ENDOMETRIUM: -

  This consists of columnar epithelium containing a layer number of mucus secreting tubular glands. It is divided functionally into 2 layers

1.      Upper layer

2.      Basal layer

UPPER LAYER:-

The functional layer upper layer & it is thickness.

Ø   It becomes rich in blood vessels in the first half of the menstrual cycle.

Ø  The basal layer lies next to the myometrium &  it is not lost during menstruation.

Ø  The upper two- third of the cervical canal is lined with this mucous membrane.

7.BLOOD SUPPLY:-

ARTERIAL SUPPLY: uterine arteries – bravely from internal iliac arteries.

VENOUS DRAINGE: - internal iliac veins.

8.NERVE SUPPLY: - Sympathetic Nerve supply

                                     Para Sympathetic Nerve supply.

9.LIGAMENTS  OF THE UTERUS:-

1.      The board ligaments.

2.      The round ligaments.

3.      Uterosacral ligaments.

4.      Transverse cervical ligaments.

5.      Pubocervical fascia.

10.FUNCTIONS OF THE UTERUS:-

1.      It helps to embeds  the zygote in the uterine wall.

2.      It helps to regular monthly cycle of changes, the menstrual cycle.

3.      It helps for the foetal growth.

11.APPLIED ANATOMY:-

1.      Hysterectomy

2.      Tubectomy