Thrombosis
and Embolism
1.It is characterized by clotting of blood
in an artery and the clot adhering to the vessel wall.
2.It is less common than venous thrombosis,
and is found only in a few selected arteries. That is because of the forceful
flow in the arterial, which prevents stagnation of blood.
3.Arteriosclerosis predisposes to arterial
thrombosis.
4.It can also be seen
due to trauma to arteries.
Types
of Arterial Thrombosis
|
Type |
Cause |
|
Coronary thrombosis |
Arteriosclerosis. |
|
Cerebral thrombosis |
Syphilis. |
|
Deep vein thrombosis in leg |
Old age,obesity,incompetent valves. |
Thrombosis
of Lower Limbs
1.A blood clot occludes a partially,
occluded blood vessel totally.
2.That results in cessation of blood supply
to parts beyond the site of obstruction.
3.The function of the part continues due to
the presence of collateral circulation.
4.Its clinical features are as follows:-
.Intermittent claudication: there is pain in the lower limbs on walking a certain distance, which is
relieved by rest.
.The limb feels cold.
.The arterial pulsation are not felt in the limb.
.If the main artery is totally occluded and there is no collateral
circulation,gangrene develops in the distal part of the limb. Its features area
as follows:-
.Black colour.
.Dryness.
.Cold feel.
.Lack of arterial
pulsations in the limb.
.Foul smell.
1.
Investigation include the
following:-
.Doppler study to determine the
extent to which the artery is blocked.
.Arteriography to determine the site
of the block.
6.Treatment is any of the following , depending on the degree of block.
.Amputation.
.Bypass of block.
Arterial Embolism
|
Cause |
Site of embolism |
Effect |
|
Mitral Stenosis |
Cerebral |
Hemiplegia |
|
Coronary thrombosis |
Kidney |
Hematuria. |
|
Atrial fibrillation |
Lower limb artery |
Gangrene. |
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