Malabsorption
Syndrome
Definition
It
is a condition chracterised by inadequate absorption of products of digestion
by the small intestine.
Aetiology
1.Tropical Spru;It is found in India and
china.Its exact aetiology is not known.
2.Idiopathic steatorrhoea: There is failure
of absorption of fat so that it is passed out in stools.Its exact cause is not
known.It might be due to tuberculosis or malignancy of the intestine.
3.Celiac disease: It is found in children
and sometimes in adults.There is a failure of digestion of gluten in wheat.
Clinical
features
1.There is chronic diarrhea. The volume of
stools is large. It is oily,frothy,pale,and foul smelling.
2.Low body weight .
3.Easy fatiguability.
4.Loss of appetite.
5.A child with celiac disease has abdominal distention and retardation of
growth.
6.Features of vitamin deficiency are seen
,such as the following:-
.Anaemia due to deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid.
.Tetany due to deficiency of
vitamin D.
.Stomatitis and peripheral neuritis due to deficiency of vitamin B.
.Haemorrhagic disease due to deficiency of vitamin.
7.Anaemia due to deficiency of iron.
Acute
Intussusception
Definition
It is a condition characterized by passage
of a segment of the intestine into adjacent part of the intestine.
Clinical
features
1.It is seen in infants who are breast fed.
2.There is a sudden onset of acute
intestinal obstruction.
3.There is excessive crying due to
abdominal colic. The child draws up its legs towards its abdomen while crying
and also becomes pale.
4.There is frequent and forceful vomiting.
5.Initially stool is passed per rectum.Then
only blood and mucus(currant jelly stool) is passed.
6.A hard lump is palpable abdominally.It is
also felt on per rectal examination.A lot of blood is found on the finger when
it is withdrawn from the rectum.
Treatment
The intussusception is reduced
surgically.If that is not possible and the affected segment bowel has become gangrenous,Resection
and end-to-end anastomosis is done.
Megacolon
1.It is a rare disorder.
2.It is seen in both children and adults.
3.It is due to a disturbance of the nerve
supply to the colon. The rectosigmoid becomes thick and with narrow lumen,so
that the colon above that gets dilated.
Clinical
features
1.There is severe constipation.
2. The abdomen is distended.
3.In children,stool may be passed once in
several weeks.
Treatment
It is treated surgically.
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