ATHEROSCLEROSIS

 ATHEROSCLEROSIS

A condition in which the fatty degenerative plagues of atheroma are accompanied by atherosclerosis , a narrowing and hardening of the vessels.

It involves in different process affecting the intima of the large and medium sized arteries .

ETIOLOGY

            Unknown

RISK FACTORS

Ø  Hypertension

Ø  Diabetes mellitus

Ø  Smoking

Ø  Obesity

Ø  Stress

Ø  Lack of exercise

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION

§  Cyanosis

§  Weakness

§  Ischemia

§  Pain

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

o   Arterial  X-ray

o   ECG

o   Lab investigations

o   Lipid profile cholesterol , blood sugar

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

1.      A controlled exercises programme to improve circulation

2.      Increase the functioning capacity of the circulation

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

ü  Thromboendarterectomy

ü  Bypass graft

ü  Angioplasty

ü  Transluminal angioplasty (PTCA)

ü  Lumbar sympathectomy

NURSING MANAGEMENT

1.      Careful assessment of the patient general condition to ensure that he is fit for surgery

2.      Check if any infection is there

3.      Check vital signs carefully before operation

4.      Promote good  nutrition