TUBERCULOSIS
Definition:-
It is a condition characterized by tuberculosis
infection of the lungs .By the Mycobacterium tuberculin .
Picture : mycobacterium tuberculi
Etiology:-
1. .
Age - any
2. .
Sex –male=female
3. .
Love socio economic class
4. .
Malnutrition
5. .
Environmental crowding
6. .
Environmental pollution
7.
. Aids
8.
. Failure to take BCG vaccine due to
illiteracy or false beliefs
Pathology:-
1 . The disease is caused by mycobacterium
tuberculosis
2 . The organism are
spread when a patient cough
3 . Inhalation of these
organisms results in infection of other people
4 . The organism may
enter the blood stream & spread to other parts of the body
5 . These organism can
infect the tonsils
Classification :-
1 . Primary tuberculosis:-
It
is found in the children .There is the tuberculosis lesion in the lungs
2 . Post primary pulmonary tuberculosis:-
As
describe in pathology above it is found in adults
3 . Millenary TB
:-
Disseminated
( spread widely ) disease due to spread through blood stream. There are minute
tubercles all over the body
Clinical features:-
1 . Primary TB
. It is found in young children
. Small lesion in the lungs
. Lymph nodes are enlarged
. Low grade fever
2 . Post primary pulmonary TB:-
. Usually seen in adults
. There is evening rise temp & night sweating
. Chronic cough
. Pleural effusion
[ pleural cavity filled with pus or fluid ]
3 . Miliary TB :-
. The onset is sudden
. There is evening rise of temp & night sweats
. There is loses of appetite
. Loss of weight
. There is chronic cough
4 . Investigation:-
. Chest x-ray :- Fluffy
infiltrate are seen in lung issue
. Lymph nodes may be
enlarged
5 . Monteux test:-
The
area of erythema & induration after intradermal infection 0.1 ml of the
cultigen is > 10 mm in children & > 15 mm in adults
6 . Sputum microscopy:-
.
Mycobacterium TB is seen on acid fast staining
Treatments:-
1 . Anti tuberculi drugs:-
Rifampicin-450mg
/day orally on empty stomach
2 . Isoniazid:-
300mg
/day orally at bed time
3 . Streptomycin:-
0.7g
/day in
4 . Ethambutol:-
800mg
/day orally in the morning
7 . Nsg care :-
. The patient is given a mask for preventing spread
of the disease to other by droplets
. I solution are given as prescribed by the doctor
. All contacts that is relatives in the houses &
friend are asked to take BCG vaccine is they have not been immunized
. Light cotton cloths are given as he sweats a lot at night
. If he cannot take a bath sponged bath should be
given
. He is educated to hold a handkerchief in front of
his mouth & nose when cough & senescing
. A mask is worm while NSG this patient
8 . Surgical px:-
A part of the lungs may have to
excused selected cases
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