MENTAL HEALTH NURSING ISSUES FOR SPECIAL POPULATION
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Many
psychiatric illness affect children and adolescents, some if these illness are
usually first diagnosed during infancy, childhood or adolescence. The
manifestation, treatment or both in children and adolescents may differ from
those in the adult.
Children
Childhood is not a good time for
all young people. Many children and adolescents live in less than nurturing
homes, face traumatic events, suffer mal treatment, because dependent on will
care for them, think of wags to hurt themselves, and develop illness such as
mood and anxiety disorders.
Childhood
mental illness has staggering effects, untreated mental illness in childhood
often results in long term mental
illness in adults.
Some
children are not an increased risk for development of a psychiatric disorder
become of family history of psychiatric and addictive disorders, physical
health problem, immature development of the brain, brain abnormality.
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Ø Helping
the child master developmental tasles to overcome regressive, slow or improved
developmental behaviour.
Ø Establishing
a method of communication with patients who have difficulty communicating such
as withdrawn, disoriented, mute, hostile, preoccupied or autistic child.
Ø Identifying
stimuli that might foster abusive, destructive or otherwise negative behavior.
Ø Allow
time for the patient or other to therapeutic interventions.
Ø Emaciating
family.
Ø Multifactoual
approach has been shown as most effective treatment for childhood disorders.
Adolescents
according to the world
health organization (WHO), individuals between 10-19 years of age come under
the adolescent age group. Adolescence is a period of physical growth and
intellectual attainment at its peak, couple with setting of personality traits,
decisions regarding future profession and extreme emotional instability crisis.
Physical, sexual and spiritual.
MENTAL HEALTH
PROBLEMS ANONG
ADOLESCENTS:-
Ø
Rates of depression, bipolar affectivity
disorders, attempted suicide, completed suitable, conduct disorders and
schizophrenia increase during adolescence.
Ø
Antisocial activities increase in frequency.
Ø
Agoraphobia and social phobia become more common
during adolescence of psychiatric disorders.
Ø
Substance abuse usually starts during adolescent
age.
Ø
Co-morbidity or co-occurrence of psychiatric
disorders.
eg:- Adolescents with substance abuse disorders.
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COMMON REASONS
FOR MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEM’S
Ø Emotional
difficulties in adolescents often arise from faulty or inconsistent child
rearing practices.
Ø Environmental
factors such as poverty lack of adequate support systems, mayor cumulative life
stresses, and maternal employment influence coping abilities among children and
adolescents.
Ø Constructional
factors or those characteristics within the adolescent affect the level of
individual vulnerability.
NURSING
INTERVENTIONS
Ø nursing care of adolescents begins with
a thorough assessment of their health status collection by the nurse is based
on current and previous functioning in all aspects of an adolescents life. The
data collection should include the following conformation.
1.
General appearance.
2.
Growth and development.
3.
General health status.
4.
Mental health status.
5.
Cultural and socio economic back ground.
6.
Communication patterns (family press, society).
7.
Sexual behaviours and use of drugs alcohol and
other addictive substance.
8.
Available human and material sources.
Ø Nurses
need to understand normal adolescent development and also the difference
between constructive age appropriate exploration and engagement in activities
that are potentially dangerous to physical and emotional well being.
Ø Building
a therapeutic relationship with an adolescent demands confidence and a story sense
of ours own identity or sense f comfort with ones memories of the teenage
years. The nurse needs to offer unconditional acceptance and positive attitude
and gentle encouragement for what the adolescent can be come.
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