GALLBLADDER

       GALL BLADDER.

1.INTRODUCTION: It is a sac like structure as the reserviour of bile.

2.SITUIATION: It is located anteriorly under the liver and on its right abdominal surface.

3.SHAPE: PEAR Shape.

4.PARTS:

                FUNDUS

                BODY

                NECK.

5.MEASURMENTS

                LENGTH: 7-10 cm

                BREADTH:3 cm

                CAPACITY:30-50ml.

6 STRUCTURE:

7.BLOOD SUPPLY:

                ARTERIAL SUPPLY: Cystic artery a branch of right hepatic artery.

                VENOUS DRIANAGE: Portal vein.

8.NERVE SUPPLY:

                SYMPATHETIC NERVE SUPPLY.

                PARA SYMPATHETIC NERVE SUPPLY.

9.FUNCTIONS .

v  Gall bladder helps to store the bile.

v  It helps to absorption of water and inorganic salts.

v  It concentrates 10cc of liver bile into 1cc of gall bladder bile.

v  Gall bladder secretes mucus and excretes cholesterol.

10.APPLIED ANATOMY :

1.GALL STONES :

               Gall stones consist of deposits of the constitutes of bile,most commonly cholesterol.

2.ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS:

  This is usually a complication of gallstones or an exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis, especially if there has been partial or intermittent obstruction of the cystic duct.

3.CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS:

    The onset is usually insidious ,sometimes following repeated acute attacks.

4.TUMOURS OF THE BILIARY TRACT:

      Malignant tumours.

5.Jaundice 

FUNCTIONS .

v  Gall bladder helps to store the bile.

v  It helps to absorption of water and inorganic salts.

v  It concentrates 10cc of liver bile into 1cc of gall bladder bile.

v  Gall bladder secretes mucus and excretes cholesterol.

BILE

 Bile it is a complex fluid which contains many substances and number of enzymes .

it is a yellowish green colour.
it contains bile salts and bile pigments.



FUNCTIONS 

1.It helps to absorption of fats ,CHO and proteins.
2.Bile salys helps in the absorption of iron, calcium, vit-ADEK.
3.Bile contains mucin which acts as a BUFFER.