STOMACH

STOMACH

1.       INTRODUCTION : it is a hallow muscular organ in the digestive system.

2.       SITUATION : it is situated in the epigastric region and towards to the left hypochondriac region and expandable to the umbilical region in the abdominal cavity

3.       SHAPE : J shape

4.       MEASUREMENTS :

                Length : 25 cm

                Capacity :1.5 litre to 2 litre

5.       ORGANS ASSOCIATED WITH THE STOMACH

ANTERIORLY : left lobe of liver and abdominal wall.

POSTERIORLY : abdominal aorta ,pancreas ,spleen,left kidney and adrenal gland
SUPERIORLY : Diaphragm , oesophagus (food pipe) and lobe of the liver.

INFERIORLY : Transverse colon and small intestine.

6.       STRUCTURE 

PARTS OF THE STOMACH :

 FUNDUS , BODY AND PYLORIC ANTRUM

 FUNDUS – it is the upper part of the stomach

BODY – the body lies between the fundus and pyloric sphincter.

PYLORIC ANTRUM : it is the lower part of the stomach contain pyloric sphincter.

The pyloric sphincter operates the opening between stomach and duodenum.

Duodenum walls containing four layers outer peritoneal coat from the serous layer muscular coat has three layers of smooth muscle fibre .i.e .

1)      Outer longitudinal fibers

2)      Middle longitudinal fibres

3)      Inner oblique fibre

                     Submucous layer contain blood vessels, lymphatic and nerve plexus.

Mucus membrane containing many gastric gland

                                The gastric gland secret gastric juice .

 THERE ARE TWO OPENINGS

  Cardiac sphincter and pyloric Sphincter

THERE ARE TWO CURVATURES :

 GREATER CURVATURE : greater curvature is convex and forms the left border of the stomach.

It provides attachment of greater omentum for storage .

LESSER CURVATURE :

   The lesser curvature is concave and short and forms the right border of the stomach , it provides attachment for lesser omentum .

7.       BLOOD SUPPLY :

ARTERIAL SUPPLY : Gastric artery , it is a branch of celiac artery .

VENOUS DRIANAGE : Portal vein, spleenic vein .

8.       NERVE SUPPLY :

                Sympathetic nerve supply

                Para sympathetic nerve supply

9.       APPLIED ANATOMY

GASTRITIS :  inflammation of the stomach

Ulceration of the stomach

Carcinoma of stomach

10.   FUNCTIONS

·         Helps for storage of food upto 3-4 hours

·         It helps for mixing of food with the help of gastric juice

·         Production of hcl to kill the poisonous / harmfull substances of the food

·         It helps to secret the vitamin B₁₂